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Reconstructive Surgery

Skin Grafts

A skin graft is a patch of skin taken from one area of body called donor area (usually thighs) and is transferred to resurface (cover) a wound that is wide and difficult or impossible to close directly. Skin grafts are commonly used to treat wounds caused by burns, acute or chronic infections, trauma etc. The skin will grow back at the donor site in a couple of week’s time.

Flap Surgery
A flap is a piece of living tissue that carries its own blood supply and is moved from one area of the body to another. Flaps are usually indicated for deeper wounds and where vital structures are laid bare following disease or trauma. Flap surgery aims to restore form and function to areas of the body that have lost skin, fat, muscle, and/or bone.

Microsurgery
Microsurgery is one of the specialised branches of plastic surgery. It has revolutionised the way reconstructive plastic surgery problems are dealt with. The microsurgical procedures involve replantation of severed body parts as fingers, hand or a limb. It also involves free tissue transfers when body tissue is shifted from a normal area of the body to an area that had been damaged due to trauma or cancer. It also involves peripheral nerve surgery when limb nerves are damaged due to trauma or tumour to restore function and sensation.

Tissue Expansion
Tissue expansion is a modern reconstructive procedure. It involves placing of a balloon like device called tissue expander underneath normal skin adjoining the area that needs to be repaired. The device is inflated at regular intervals leading to stretching of skin. The extra skin is then used to reconstruct what is lost.

Tissue expansion offers good color and texture match of skin. The procedure is staged and creates an unsightly bulge temporarily.

Hand Surgery
Hand surgery is another subspecialty of plastic surgery that deals with congenital and acquired hand problems.

Congenital conditions include syndactyly (webbed fingers), polydactyly (extra fingers) or macrodactyly (giant fingers or limbs). Missing digits can also be reconstructed using microvascular techniques where a toe is transferred to reconstruct a missing finger. Acquired defects include carpal tunnel and other painful conditions caused by pressure on the nerves (usually at the wrist or elbow); trigger fingers, a condition caused by swelling of a flexor tendon in the hand; ganglion cysts, a benign cystic growth and scar contracture which occurs when a wound or burn on the hand heals poorly and forms scar tissue that abnormally bends the fingers or restricts mobility.

Facial Trauma
Facial injury may occur either due to trauma (following a motor vehicle accident), burns or assault. Facial trauma can cause disfigurement which is devastating to an individual physically as well as psychologically. Facial trauma includes burns, lacerations(cuts), abrasions and fractures. The aim of plastic surgery intervention in cases of facial trauma is to correct immediate problem and try to minimise late deformities.

Post-Traumatic Deformities
Post traumatic deformities can be corrected by various plastic surgery techniques. The deformities include scars, impaired function or mismatch of normal tissues.

By various techniques scars can be revised or realigned so that they are less noticeable. Depressed or raised scars can be brought to the level of surrounding skin.

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Cancer Reconstruction

Cancer Reconstruction
Cancer Cheek